The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ responsible for immune surveillance against blood-circulating pathogens. The spleen is a composed mostly of lymphocytes in a loose blood filled stroma with islands of fibrous tissue. Mescher, A. L. (2013). Absence of the spleen is associated with increased susceptibility to systemic spread and fatal infection by different pathogens. This is the normal appearance of the spleen at low power with white pulp (lymphocytes) surrounding a central arteriole. The spleen is the largest accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the body. On a histology slide, PALS has a similar appearance to a lymphatic nodule. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Liver histology. [Morphology and function of the human spleen. If the doctor can feel the spleen under the ribs, this means that it is enlarged. microorganisms, cellular debris and aged and damaged erythrocytes) cross these gaps they can be phagocytosed and destroyed by macrophages that are waiting on the other side. 2016 Dec 3;12(1):272. Where appropriate, immunohistochemical results will be discussed in the context of normal histology. The white pulp of the spleen is made of three different compartments: Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS), lymphatic follicles and the marginal zone. They support B lymphocytes, initiate and modulate their immune response. Be able to identify the regions rich in B and T lymphocytes in each organ and explain the cellular processes, relevant to immune functions, that are taking place in these regions.4. The spleen is surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue from which emerge trabeculae, which divide the parenchyma, or splenic pulp, into incomplete compartments.Large trabeculae originate at the hilum, on the medial surface of the spleen; these trabeculae carry nerves, arteries and veins. 2020 Reinforce your knowledge about the microcirculation of the spleen with our quiz below: One of the most important functions of the spleen is blood filtering. The spleen is a fist sized organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. . The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body and lies just below the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the posterior peritoneal cavity adjacent to the left lower ribs, stomach, left kidney, tail of the pancreas, and colon. These functions are carried out by the 2 main compartments of the spleen, the white pulp (including the marginal zone) and the red pulp, which are vastly different in their architecture, vascular organization, and cellular composition. The PALS consists of a central artery (a branch of the splenic artery) surrounded by a sheath of lymphoid tissue. We review retrospectively the spleen histology in 8 patients with T-cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia and 4 with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) to identify characteristic patterns of involvement and to distinguish such patterns from those described in other low grade B- … Last reviewed: October 29, 2020 25 Spleen. It is usually not palpable on physical examination, but may be felt in children, adolescents, and thin adults. 02.16.09: Lymphatic Histology 1. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Grimes JA, Prasad N, Levy S, Cattley R, Lindley S, Boothe HW, Henderson RA, Smith BF. eCollection 2020. 1981 Jun;161(2):169-87. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001610204. The cords of Billroth (splenic cords) are the cellular aggregations supported by the reticular connective tissue. | Surrounding the spleen is a dense connective tissue capsule. The outer layer has a more diverse cellular morphology, containing T and B lymphocytes. The rupture of the spleen is one of the most urgent medical conditions. Species variation in the structure and function of the marginal zone--an electron microscope study of cat spleen. It consists of the cords of Billroth and splenic sinusoids. NIH Like the lymph node, the human spleen is a highly compartimentalized organ. The inner layer is mainly composed of T lymphocytes which is why it is also called the T-zone. BMC Vet Res. Comparative aspects of splenic microcirculatory pathways in mammals: the region bordering the white pulp. Examples of normal cells and tissues are listed below with links to illustrative images. The red pulp has a normal vascularity and does not appear to be expanded. From the maze made of venous sinuses, the blood flows into trabecular veins and eventually exits the spleen through the splenic vein. The spleen is located on the left side of the abdomen and has an initial embryonic role in blood formation, and later in immune function and red blood cell recycling. The endothelial cells of the central artery have finger-like extensions that spirally wrap around the lumen protecting the PALS from a direct antigen invasion. Vol 34(5): 455-465. Find more similar flip PDFs like Normal Structure, Function, and Histology of the Spleen. The spleen's haematopoietic function (blood cell formation) is lost with embryo development and lymphoid precursor cells migrate into the developing organ. These capillaries are surrounded by clusters of macrophages and are called sheathed capillaries. Since postmortem specimens are often difficult to study because of autolytic changes and since the numbers of splenectomies are Try our histological slides quizzes to become a pro! doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241285. The lesion consists of multiple red-brown nodules representing the angiomatoid nodules surrounded by white fibrous tissue. Wondering how will you recognize histological slides of every single human body organ? Kenhub. The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body and is responsible for initiating immune reactions to blood-borne antigens and for filtering the blood of foreign material and old or damaged red blood cells. eCollection 2020. It is normally palpable in preterm infants, in 30% of normal, full-term neonates, and in 5% to 10% of infants and toddlers. The stroma of the spleen is composed mainly of a network of reticular connective tissue. It is the largest lymphoid organ and thus the largest filter of blood in the human body. 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