It was all a gray mess, and the robots were just a blur." Carrie Fisher, Harrison Ford, He suggested that Lucas use scrap in making the dressings, and the director agreed. Let me sit down and write this for you." [239] By 1979, Lucas claimed to have eliminated the odd films,[232] leaving a "trilogy of trilogies"; and by 1999 he often denied having promised a sequel trilogy, saying it was "a media invention,"[240] before again reminding audiences that "there are three more stories" beginning with the sale to Disney in 2012. "[79] In total, the filming in Britain took 14 and a half weeks. Pursued by stormtroopers, Obi-Wan, Luke, R2-D2 and C-3PO flee Tatooine with Han and his Wookiee co-pilot Chewbacca on their ship the Millennium Falcon. "[203] However, the film was not without its detractors: Pauline Kael of The New Yorker criticized Star Wars, stating that "there's no breather in the picture, no lyricism", and that it had no "emotional grip. | "George Lucas Goes Far Out". Michael Leader plays a minor role as a Stormtrooper known for accidentally hitting his helmet against a door. The pair found "sixteen points of identity" and they calculated that "the odds against coincidence produced a number larger than the number of stars in the universe. "[91][92], Meanwhile, Industrial Light & Magic was struggling to achieve unprecedented special effects. Action, Adventure, Fantasy. For example, Luke had several brothers, as well as his father, who appears in a minor role at the end of the film. 98 min [276], Little Star Wars merchandise was available for several months after the film's debut, as only Kenner Products had accepted marketing director Charles Lippincott's licensing offers. [7] Kurtz stated that "it happened a lot where he would just say, 'Let's try it again a little bit faster.' That was the first story in this genre that I have been able to trace. They had a conversation with Lucas on what he would like the film to appear like, with them creating the desired sets. The film was one of the first films to link genres together to invent a new, high-concept genre for filmmakers to build upon. In 2013, Star Wars was dubbed into Navajo, making it the first major motion picture translated into a Native American language. The blockbuster, focusing on the fighter pilots made famous in the Star Wars films and set for a Christmas Day, 2023 release, will be the first in the franchise to be directed by a woman. | [35] United Artists also passed on Lucas' space-opera concept, which he shelved for the time being. During work on this rewrite, Lucas began researching the science-fiction genre by watching films and reading books (including JRR Tolkien's The Hobbit[53][54]) and comics. While in Hawaii, it was not until he watched Walter Cronkite discuss the gigantic crowds for Star Wars on the CBS Evening News that Lucas realized he had become very wealthy. The massive rebel hangar set was housed at a second sound stage at Shepperton Studios; the stage was the largest in Europe at the time. '"[67], Lucas described a "used future" concept to the production designers in which all devices, ships, and buildings to do with Tatooine or the Rebels looked aged and dirty,[7][68][69] as opposed to the sleeker designs of the Empire. After the screening, the audience was silent, leading him to fear that the film would be unsuccessful. "[144] In 2014, Kurtz recalled they had toyed with the idea "of calling it Episode III, IV, or V."[145][c] Hamill recalls having asked Lucas "Why are we doing episode four?" [46], Lucas said, "I've always been an outsider to Hollywood types. The first film released, Star Wars (1977), is the fourth film chronologically and was later subtitled Episode IV – A New Hope. The publication said it was a "big early supporter" of the vision which would become Star Wars. [210], The film continues to receive critical acclaim from modern critics. The best Star Wars order at a glance. Action, Adventure, Fantasy. So we simplified it by taking out Luke and Biggs. Although Luke initially declines Obi-Wan's offer to accompany him to Alderaan and learn the ways of the Force, he is left with no choice after discovering that Imperial stormtroopers have killed his aunt and uncle and destroyed their farm in their search for the droids. [33] Although Lucas initially provided funds using his earnings from American Graffiti, it was inadequate. Clips from both films were included in Lucas's temporary dogfight footage version of the sequence. The word for this movie is fun. [77][78] Moreover, a rare Tunisian rainstorm struck the country, which further disrupted filming. The cut had a different crawl from the finished version and used Prowse's voice for Darth Vader. It was also the only studio of its kind in Britain or America that could cater for nine large stages at the same time and allow the company complete freedom to use its own personnel. Guy Boyd, TV-G "[241], The film has spawned a series of films consisting of three trilogies (including the original film), anthology films and an extensive media franchise called the Star Wars expanded universe including books, television series, computer and video games, and comic books. the Extra-Terrestrial broke that record in 1983. [7][78] Initially, Fox approved $8 million for the project; Gary Kurtz said: "we proceeded to pick a production plan and do a more final budget with a British art department and look for locations in North Africa, and kind of pulled together some things. [66], In 1975, Lucas formed his own visual effects company Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) after discovering that 20th Century-Fox's visual effects department had been disbanded. Natalie Portman, His poster, known as Style ‘A’, depicted Luke Skywalker standing in a heroic pose, brandishing a shining lightsaber above his head, with Princess Leia below him, and a large, ghostly image of Darth Vader's helmet looming behind them. Star Wars won six competitive Academy Awards at the 50th Academy Awards: Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, Best Sound and Best Visual Effects. Roy Thomas was the writer and Howard Chaykin was the artist of the adaptation. Amid a galactic civil war, Rebel Alliance spies have stolen plans to the Galactic Empire's Death Star, a massive space station capable of destroying an entire planet. Natalie Portman, He asked to set up one shot on the robots with a 300mm, and the sand and sky just mushed together. He described the plot as "unpretentious and pleasantly devoid of any 'message. Patty Jenkins has made history by becoming the first-ever female director to helm a "Star Wars" movie. "[66] Christian supported Lucas's vision, saying "All science fiction before was very plastic and stupid uniforms and Flash Gordon stuff. [115] Although golden and male, C-3PO was inspired by the silver female robot Maria, the Maschinenmensch from Fritz Lang's 1927 film Metropolis. Lucas signed off on the brochure in between takes while filming inserts for the Mos Eisley Cantina scene. However, since the film is a fairy tale, as he had described, "I still wanted it to have an ethereal quality, yet be well composed and, also, have an alien look." Spielberg disagreed, and believed Star Wars would be the bigger hit. The film opened to critical acclaim, most notably for its groundbreaking visual effects. Reissues in 1979 ($22,455,262), 1981 ($17,247,363), and 1982 ($17,981,612) brought its cumulative gross in the U.S and Canada to $323 million,[191][192] and extended its global earnings to $530 million. After a turbulent production, Star Wars was released in a limited number of theaters in the United States on May 25, 1977, and quickly became a blockbuster hit, leading to it being expanded to a much wider release. Upon rewriting the script and adding the reveal, Lucas transformed the series into a single, continuous storyline, and the initial twelve-film figure was recontexualized in a myriad of ways: Mark Hamil recalls it being "four trilogies",[150] while Lucas says three of the films were "odd films...about Wookies [...] and Droids"[232] and three were a sequel trilogy that he added "after the success of Star Wars. Marauders raid the Ewok village and steal a power supply they believe to be magical. [80] When actor Anthony Daniels wore the C-3PO outfit for the first time in Tunisia, the left leg piece shattered down through the plastic covering his left foot, stabbing him. [96] The series was so successful that, according to Jim Shooter, it "single-handedly saved Marvel. The lightsaber sound effect was developed by Burtt as a combination of the hum of idling interlock motors in aged movie projectors and interference caused by a television set on a shieldless microphone. "[32] By May 1974, he had expanded the treatment for The Star Wars into a rough draft screenplay,[51][7]:14 adding elements such as the Sith, the Death Star, and a general by the name of Annikin Starkiller. "[215] CinemaScore reported that audiences for Star Wars's 1999 re-release gave the film a "A+" grade. "[109] Frank Herbert reported that "David Lynch, [director of the 1984 film Dune] had trouble with the fact that Star Wars used up so much of Dune." [101][102] Lucas believed that the film would portray visually foreign worlds, but that the musical score would give the audience an emotional familiarity; he wanted a grand musical sound for Star Wars. [34] Lucas later recounted: I wanted to make a Flash Gordon movie, with all the trimmings, but I couldn't obtain the rights to the characters. [151] Although most changes are minor or cosmetic in nature, many fans and critics believe that Lucas degraded the film with the additions. Annikin became Luke's father, a wise Jedi knight. The American Film Institute's list of best film scores ranks the Star Wars soundtrack at number one. Traveling to a cantina in Mos Eisley to search for transport, Luke and Obi-Wan hire Han Solo, a smuggler with a price on his head due to his debt to local mobster Jabba the Hutt. As Obi-Wan pursues a new threat, Anakin acts as a double agent between the Jedi Council and Palpatine and is lured into a sinister plan to rule the galaxy. Star Wars launched the careers of many of the film's actors: Mark Hamill (Luke Skywalker), Harrison Ford (Han Solo), Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia), Peter Mayhew (Chewbacca), Anthony Daniels (C-3PO), and James Earl Jones (voice of Darth Vader). "[47] After Disney rejected the project,[46] Lucas and Kurtz persisted in securing a studio to support the film because "other people had read it and said, 'Yeah, it could be a good idea. While it's not the Star Wars film to ends all Star Wars films, Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is an exciting and action-packed space adventure. The credited author was George Lucas, but the book was revealed to have been ghostwritten by Alan Dean Foster. I used to do it with models when I was a kid. [32][35] He drew inspiration from politics of the era, later saying, “It was really about the Vietnam War, and that was the period where Nixon was trying to run for a [second] term. In a triumphant ceremony at the base, Leia awards Luke and Han medals for their heroism. Ladd reluctantly agreed to release an extra $20,000 funding and in early 1977 second unit filming completed a number of sequences including exterior desert shots for Tatooine in Death Valley and China Lake Acres in California, and exterior Yavin jungle shots in Guatemala, along with additional studio footage to complete the Mos Eisley Cantina sequence. | In 1983, the final installment of the trilogy, Return of the Jedi, was released. Gary Kurtz was impressed with Rice's logo and selected it over Perri's design for the film's opening titles, after modifying the letter W to flatten the pointed tips originally designed by Rice. [78], Star Wars was originally slated for release on Christmas 1976; however, its production delays pushed the film's release to mid-1977. Taylor said, "you couldn't really see where the land ended and the sky began. Harrison Ford, 121 min Lucas believed that "what is required for true credibility is a used future", opposing the interpretation of "future in most futurist movies" that "always looks new and clean and shiny. George Lucas '"[47], Originally, Lucas envisioned the planet of Tatooine, where much of the film would take place, as a jungle planet. [142][143] Lucas claims this was intended from the beginning, and was only dropped to avoid confusing audiences: "Star Wars was the fourth story in the saga and was to have been called 'Star Wars, Episode Four: A New Hope'. It is the first installment of the original Star Wars trilogy, the first of the franchise to be produced, and the fourth episode of the "Skywalker saga". Marketing director Charles Lippincott secured the deal with Del Rey Books to publish the novelization in November 1976. $936.66M, See titles to watch instantly, titles you haven't rated, etc, Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back, Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi, Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones, Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens. Wicket the Ewok and his friends agree to help two shipwrecked human children, Mace and Cindel, on a quest to find their parents. Before she is captured, Leia hides the plans in the memory of astromech droid R2-D2, who flees in an escape pod to the desert planet Tatooine accompanied by protocol droid C-3PO. [295], Marvel Comics also adapted the film as the first six issues of its licensed Star Wars comic book, with the first issue sold in April 1977. [77] Lucas fell behind schedule in the first week of shooting due to malfunctioning props and electronic breakdowns. | In response, the studio demanded that theaters order Star Wars if they wanted the eagerly anticipated The Other Side of Midnight based on Sidney Sheldon's 1973 novel by the same name. Ten years after initially meeting, Anakin Skywalker shares a forbidden romance with Padmé Amidala, while Obi-Wan Kenobi investigates an assassination attempt on the senator and discovers a secret clone army crafted for the Jedi. Fox and Lucasfilm subsequently decided that they wanted to promote the new film with a less stylized and more realistic depiction of the lead characters. In the United States, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan, parts of or the whole film were released on Super 8. [264] A pun on the latter phrase has led to May 4 being regarded by many fans of the franchise as an unofficial Star Wars Day. And I said, 'Finally somebody's doing it the right way. Ewan McGregor, In the ensuing battle, the Rebels suffer heavy losses as Vader leads a squadron of TIE fighters against them, but Han unexpectedly returns to aid them in the Falcon, narrowly managing to save Luke before Vader can shoot him down. "[88] Lucas also stated that he wanted to move the narrative focus to C-3PO and R2-D2: "At the time, to have the first half-hour of the film be mainly about robots was a bold idea. [66] Despite Lucas's efforts, his crew had little interest in the film. 37 Years Ago, Everything Changed", "An unbelievable day in the life of Jack Bauer", "The Star Wars George Lucas Doesn't Want You To See", "Exclusive T-shirts to Commemorate DVD Release", "More Changes to STAR WARS Include Blinking Ewoks and Different Cut of Greedo Shooting First", "A 'New' New Hope: Film Preservation and the Problem with 'Star Wars, "The search for the 'Star Wars' George Lucas doesn't want you to see", "Yesterday's technology can be a collectible", "Star Wars Trilogy, VHS, CBS/Fox Video, USA 1990", "Star Wars Trilogy, Widescreen, VHS, 20th Century Fox Video USA, 1992", "The Original Star Wars Trilogy – One Last Time", "Star Wars Saga Repacked in Trilogy Sets on DVD", "Pre-order Star Wars: The Complete Saga on Blu-ray Now! The films were digitally restored and remastered, and more changes were made by Lucas. [3] Adjusted for inflation, it had earned over $2.5 billion worldwide at 2011 prices,[197] which saw it ranked as the third-highest-grossing film at the time, according to Guinness World Records. After McQuarrie's drawings for Lucas's colleagues Hal Barwood and Matthew Robbins (who were collaborating for a film) caught his interest, Lucas met with McQuarrie to discuss his plans for the untitled space fantasy film he wanted to make. [150] Kaminski, however, points out that all early drafts carry an "Episode One" subtitle, and that even early drafts of the sequel are called "Episode II."[150]. In 2010, Lucas announced that all six previously released Star Wars films would be scanned and transferred to 3D for a theatrical release, but only 3D versions of the prequel trilogy were completed before the franchise was sold to Disney in 2012. [117], For the US release in 1977, 20th Century-Fox commissioned a promotional film poster from the advertising agency Smolen, Smith and Connolly. Therefore, he assembled his favorite orchestral pieces for the soundtrack, until Williams convinced him that an original score would be unique and more unified, having viewed Lucas' music choices as a temp track. ', [Lucas would] say, 'turn off this light, and turn off that light.' "[47] For two weeks, Lucas and his crew "didn't really do anything except kind of pull together new budget figures." [7][82] Actor Baker later confessed that he thought the film would be a failure. Lucas also stated that the story evolved over time and that "There was never a script completed that had the entire story as it exists now [in 1983] ... As the stories unfolded, I would take certain ideas and save the… Having forgotten that the film would open that day,[128] he spent most of Wednesday in a sound studio in Los Angeles. After disabling the tractor beam, Obi-Wan sacrifices his life in a lightsaber duel with Vader, allowing the rest of the group to escape the Death Star with Leia. It's the flotsam and jetsam from the period when I was twelve years old. Action, Adventure, Fantasy. As they could not afford to dress the sets, Christian was forced to use unconventional methods and materials to achieve the desired look. Television commercials told children and parents that vouchers within a "Star Wars Early Bird Certificate Package" could be redeemed for four action figures between February and June 1978. | Hayden Christensen, After the film's smash success,[237] Lucasfilm announced that Lucas had already written "twelve stories in the Adventures of Luke Skywalker"[238] which, according to Kurtz, were set to be "separate adventures rather than direct sequels." [7] The delays increased the budget from $8 million to $11 million.[97]. These early scenes, set in Anchorhead on the planet Tatooine, presented the audience with Luke's everyday life among his friends as it is affected by the space battle above the planet; they also introduced the character of Biggs Darklighter, Luke's closest friend who departs to join the rebellion. "[31] Lucas would later recontextualize the discussion around the film, saying it was born out of research into "psychological underpinings of mythology", a claim that had been dismissed by Kurtz as self-aggrandizing: "The whole idea of Star Wars as a mythological thing, I think came about because of [later Lucas] interviews that tied it to The Hero with a Thousand Faces"[49] and by Steven Hart and Michael Kaminski: "It is here that the true origin of Star Wars comes from -- not from myth and legend, but from the 'schlock' sold on newspapers stands and played in matinees. In addition, the sequence was partially inspired by the climax of the film 633 Squadron (1964), directed by Walter Grauman,[112] in which RAF de Havilland Mosquitos attack a German heavy water plant by flying down a narrow fjord to drop special bombs at a precise point, while avoiding anti-aircraft guns and German fighters. [262] Characters such as Darth Vader, Han Solo, and Yoda have become iconic, and all three were named in the top twenty of the British Film Institute's "Best Sci-Fi Characters of All-Time" list. Tom Kane, "[50], There were also concerns regarding the project's potentially high budget. The radio version was originally considered to be part of the official Star Wars canon,[247][248] but has since been supplanted by revised canonical narratives. Zito, Stephen (April 1977). the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). Star Wars debuted on Betamax,[163] CED,[164] LaserDisc,[165] Video 2000, and VHS[166][167] between the 1980s and 1990s by CBS/Fox Video. Daisy Ridley, "[72] Taylor was aware of the "enormous amount of process work" to follow principal photography and believed "a crisp result would help. [175] The original theatrical versions of the films were not included in the box set. Stars: "[41][42], Lucas began writing in January 1973, "eight hours a day, five days a week",[32] by taking small notes, inventing odd names and assigning them possible characterizations. Ashley Eckstein, Votes: Released in 1979, the 24-page Star Wars read-along book was accompanied by a 33⅓ rpm 7-inch phonograph record. [117][118], The logotype eventually selected for on-screen use originated in a promotional brochure that was distributed by Fox to cinema owners in 1976. Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi. "[71] He began his creation process by breaking down jet engines into scrap pieces, giving him the chance to "stick it in the sets in specific ways. | Gross: Samuel L. Jackson, Votes: $290.48M, TV-G Stars: "[254] He cited Quark (a short-lived 1977 sitcom that parodies the science fiction genre)[254] and Donny & Marie (a 1970s variety show that produced a 10-minute musical adaptation of Star Wars guest starring Daniels and Mayhew)[255] as "television's two most infamous examples. | Gross: The Death Star has a docking bay reminiscent of the one on the orbiting space station in 2001. On opening day I ... did a radio call-in show ... this caller, was really enthusiastic and talking about the movie in really deep detail. However, many bootleg copies exist, and the special has consequently become something of an underground legend. Meanwhile, Luke struggles to help Darth Vader back from the dark side without falling into the Emperor's trap. By 2015, this copy had been transferred to a 2K scan, now available to be viewed by appointment.[161]. [107][108], The influence of The Hidden Fortress can be seen in the relationship between C-3PO and R2-D2, which evolved from the two bickering peasants, Tahei and Matashichi, and a Japanese family crest seen in the earlier film is similar to the Imperial Crest. [78] He was still skeptical of the film's success, even with enthusiastic reports from Ladd and the studio. There are also thematic parallels, including the freedom fight by a rebel army against an empire, and politicians who meddle behind the scenes. [53] In fact, Lucas himself sometimes admitted to have only had notes rather than complete treatments or scripts, and in 2010 confided in the showrunners of Lost that: "when 'Star Wars' first came out, I didn't know where it was going either. The DVD features a commentary track from Lucas, Ben Burtt, Dennis Muren, and Carrie Fisher. [66], According to Christian, the Millennium Falcon set was the most difficult to build. Hardware Wars, released in 1978, was one of the first fan films to parody Star Wars. "[272][128] In an opposing view, Tom Shone wrote that through Star Wars and Jaws, Lucas and Spielberg "didn't betray cinema at all: they plugged it back into the grid, returning the medium to its roots as a carnival sideshow, a magic act, one big special effect", which was "a kind of rebirth. [6] Although Lucas declined to provide the Library with a workable copy of the original film upon request (instead offering the Special Edition), a viewable scan was made of the original copyright deposit print. | "[209] Lucas felt hurt at the accusations. [7], George Lucas tried "to get a cohesive reality" for his feature. "[205] Stanley Kauffmann, reviewing the film in The New Republic, opined that it "was made for those (particularly males) who carry a portable shrine within them of their adolescence, a chalice of a Self that was Better Then, before the world's affairs or—in any complex way—sex intruded. He chose the former because he wanted to play a hero; English actor David Prowse took the other. "[73], During production, Lucas and Taylor—whom Kurtz called "old-school" and "crotchety"[74]—had disputes over filming. The script would introduce the concept of a Jedi Master and his son, who trains to be a Jedi under his father's friend; this would ultimately form the basis for the film and, later, the trilogy. To resolve the problem, he worked the lighting into the sets by chopping in its walls, ceiling and floors. Director: Burtt discovered the latter accidentally as he was looking for a buzzing, sparking sound to add to the projector-motor hum. Door opened, and George walked in with Gary behind him. J.J. Abrams This brochure was designed by Suzy Rice, a young art director at the Los Angeles advertising agency Seiniger Advertising. Because of this, the entire composited negative had to be disassembled, and the CRI portions cleaned separately from the negative portions. "[298] The Story of Star Wars was a 1977 record album presenting an abridged version of the events depicted in Star Wars, using dialogue and sound effects from the original film. In many cases, entire scenes had to be reconstructed from their individual elements. In truth, in 1975 Lucas suggested he could make a trilogy, which "ends with the destruction of the Empire" and a possible prequel "about the backstory of Kenobi as a young man." Siân Phillips, PG Virtually turned to Gary, and said "I think we've found him". | [5][6] At the time, it was the most recent film in the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s. Lucas had the idea for a space-fantasy film in 1971, after he completed directing his first full-length feature, THX 1138. [282] Star Wars has also been featured in several high-profile audience polls: in 1997, it ranked as the 10th Greatest American Film on the Los Angeles Daily News Readers' Poll;[283] in 2002, the film and its sequel The Empire Strikes Back were voted as the greatest films ever made in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Films poll;[284] in 2011, it ranked as Best Sci-Fi Film on Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, a primetime special aired by ABC that counted down the best films as chosen by fans, based on results of a poll conducted by ABC and People magazine; in 2014 the film placed 11th in a poll undertaken by The Hollywood Reporter, which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm, and production house in the Hollywood region. Two months after Star Wars opened, the Hildebrandts' poster was replaced by Chantrell's Style ‘C’ poster in UK cinemas. "[293] In 2012, the Star Wars action figures were inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame. Lucas also wanted the spaceships to look "cobbled together, as opposed to a sleek monoshape. New changes were made to the films, provoking mixed responses. Alec Guinness, Votes: His idea was supported by the Fox studio, which agreed that "we couldn't have this 'black hole of Calcutta.'" Most of the visual effects used pioneering digital motion control photography developed by John Dykstra and his team, which created the illusion of size by employing small models and slowly moving cameras. Stars: [93] For Chewbacca's growls, Burtt recorded and combined sounds made by dogs, bears, lions, tigers, and walruses to create phrases and sentences. [58] On February 27, the studio granted a budget of $5 million; this was later increased to $8.25 million. Wicket helps Cindel escape the evil witch Charal, and they befriend a hermit who may help them save the village. [45], While impressed with the "innocence of the story, plus the sophistication of the world"[38] of the film, United Artists declined to budget the film. R2-D2 plays Leia's full message, in which she begs Obi-Wan to take the Death Star plans to her home planet of Alderaan and give them to her father, a fellow veteran, for analysis. When Disney first acquired Lucasfilm back in 2012, fans knew they'd be in for a swath of new Star Wars stories. 124 min [7][267][268], Filmmakers who have said to have been influenced by Star Wars include James Cameron, J.J. Abrams, Damon Lindelof, Dean Devlin, Gareth Edwards,[269] Roland Emmerich, John Lasseter,[270] David Fincher, Peter Jackson, Joss Whedon, Christopher Nolan, Ridley Scott, John Singleton, and Kevin Smith. Spielberg, who said he was the only person in the audience to have enjoyed the film, believed that the lack of enthusiasm was due to the absence of finished special effects. Animation, Action, Adventure. 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